Lexi-tico: Diay

The Collins Dictionary defines costarriqueñismo as a “word or phrase peculiar to Costa Rica.” And, among the most peculiar phrases, diay! stands out.

This is an interjection used to state something, make a question, or to express admiration, ignorance or lack of knowledge. It could translate to meaning “so,” or “well,” but it may have other meanings depending on the context of when it is said.

In addition, according to the Diccionario de la Lengua Española (the Dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy), this interjection is also used when greeting someone.

Let’s see some examples and try to provide their linguistic (not strictly literal) equivalents:

Making a question: Diay, qué se hizo (Usted) toda la tarde?

Translation: Well, where were you all afternoon?

Expressing admiration: Diay sí, cocina muy bien!

Translation: Indeed, s/he cooks very well!

Greeting someone: Diay, cómo ha estado (usted)?

Translation: So, how have you been?

Expressing ignorance: Diay, no sé cómo llegar a San Jose!

Translation: Well, I don’t know the way to San Jose!

As can be inferred, the interjection diay has been, and continues to be, used as a filler word by a vast majority of Costa Ricans from every walk of life. It is probably one of “the most democratic” terms Costa Ricans, and Spanish-speaking foreigners living in the country use, thus its linguistic and cultural value.